近日，國(guo)家(jia)發展改(gai)(gai)革委、國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源(yuan)局、工業和(he)信息化部和(he)市(shi)場監(jian)管總(zong)局聯合(he)(he)(he)印發了《關于加強新能(neng)源(yuan)汽車與電網融合(he)(he)(he)互(hu)(hu)動的實施意(yi)見(jian)》（以下簡稱《實施意(yi)見(jian)》）。《實施意(yi)見(jian)》對推動我國(guo)車網融合(he)(he)(he)互(hu)(hu)動作出了哪些部署(shu)？記者專訪了國(guo)家(jia)發展改(gai)(gai)革委、國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源(yuan)局有關負責同(tong)志(zhi)。

　　問：《實施(shi)意見》的制(zhi)定背景是(shi)什么？

　　答(da)：2020年10月(yue)，國務院(yuan)辦公廳印(yin)(yin)發《新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)(che)產業發展(zhan)規劃（2021-2035）》（國辦發〔2020〕39號），提(ti)出(chu)要(yao)(yao)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)(che)與能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源融合發展(zhan)，加(jia)強新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)(che)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)互(hu)動(dong)，降低(di)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)(che)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本，提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)調(diao)(diao)峰調(diao)(diao)頻、安全應(ying)急等響(xiang)應(ying)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。2023年4月(yue)，中(zhong)央政治局會議提(ti)出(chu)要(yao)(yao)鞏固和擴(kuo)大新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)(che)發展(zhan)優勢(shi)；2023年5月(yue)，國務院(yuan)常務會議提(ti)出(chu)要(yao)(yao)構建(jian)“車(che)(che)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)路云”融合發展(zhan)的(de)(de)產業生態。2023年6月(yue)，國務院(yuan)辦公廳印(yin)(yin)發《關于進一步(bu)構建(jian)高質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)體系的(de)(de)指導(dao)意見》（國辦發〔2023〕19號），提(ti)出(chu)要(yao)(yao)提(ti)升車(che)(che)網(wang)(wang)雙(shuang)向互(hu)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，大力(li)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)應(ying)用智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)，強化對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)為的(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)控能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)車(che)(che)網(wang)(wang)互(hu)動(dong)等試點示范(fan)。

　　近(jin)年來，我國在充電峰谷分(fen)(fen)時(shi)電價制(zhi)定推廣(guang)、車網(wang)互(hu)(hu)動資源聚合參與輔助服務和需(xu)求響應試點驗證以及雙向充放(fang)電技術(shu)可行性等方面工作取得了積極(ji)進展。但面對下一階段(duan)大規模新(xin)能源汽車與電網(wang)融合互(hu)(hu)動的需(xu)求，還存(cun)在諸多(duo)制(zhi)約，如車網(wang)互(hu)(hu)動技術(shu)體系和應用方案尚不成(cheng)熟(shu)、關鍵技術(shu)標準存(cun)在缺失(shi)、充電峰谷分(fen)(fen)時(shi)電價覆蓋不全、配套需(xu)求響應和電力交易機制(zhi)尚待(dai)健全等。

　　為(wei)貫徹(che)落實黨中央、國務院決策部署，充(chong)分發揮(hui)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽車在(zai)電(dian)化學儲(chu)能(neng)體系(xi)(xi)中的重要作用(yong)，推進產業智能(neng)化、綠(lv)色化、融合化發展(zhan)(zhan)，支撐(cheng)新(xin)型能(neng)源(yuan)體系(xi)(xi)和新(xin)型電(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統構(gou)建(jian)，我們(men)制定(ding)印發了《實施意見》，明確車網互(hu)動(dong)發展(zhan)(zhan)目標和重點(dian)任務，為(wei)下一階段各方協同推進提(ti)供(gong)指(zhi)導遵循(xun)。

　　問：推動(dong)車網融合互動(dong)有哪些重要意義？

　　答：主要有以下三方面意義。

　　一是有(you)(you)(you)效提(ti)升配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網接入(ru)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，支撐新能(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)(che)產(chan)業(ye)規模化發(fa)(fa)展。隨著(zhu)新能(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)(che)大(da)規模發(fa)(fa)展，大(da)量(liang)充(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)設(she)施建設(she)對(dui)(dui)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網接入(ru)能(neng)(neng)力(li)造成較大(da)挑戰。《實施意見(jian)》對(dui)(dui)提(ti)升充(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)設(she)施互動(dong)水平、加快智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)(you)序充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)標準制定(ding)、科學(xue)核(he)定(ding)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)(you)序充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)施接入(ru)容量(liang)等方(fang)面工作進(jin)行了(le)部署，將(jiang)有(you)(you)(you)效促進(jin)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)(you)序充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)技術的推廣應用，從而大(da)幅(fu)提(ti)升配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網對(dui)(dui)于大(da)規模電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)和充(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)設(she)施的接入(ru)能(neng)(neng)力(li)。

　　二是激(ji)發新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)靈活性(xing)資源(yuan)(yuan)潛力(li)，支撐新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能源(yuan)(yuan)體系(xi)和(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)構建。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)作為可調節負荷和(he)移動(dong)儲能資源(yuan)(yuan)，對于新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能源(yuan)(yuan)體系(xi)和(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)建設意義重大。通過完(wan)善需求(qiu)響應和(he)輔(fu)助服務(wu)市場機制，探索參與現貨市場、綠證交易、碳(tan)交易的(de)實(shi)施路(lu)徑，開展雙向充放電(dian)(dian)綜合示范，可以激(ji)發新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)作為泛在靈活性(xing)資源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)調節潛力(li)，支撐新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能源(yuan)(yuan)體系(xi)和(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)構建。

　　三是促進(jin)(jin)產業(ye)鏈技(ji)(ji)術(shu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)升(sheng)(sheng)級，推(tui)動車(che)網(wang)互(hu)(hu)動商業(ye)模式創(chuang)新(xin)。車(che)網(wang)互(hu)(hu)動技(ji)(ji)術(shu)涉及新(xin)能源汽車(che)、充換(huan)電設施(shi)、電力系(xi)統(tong)等產業(ye)鏈多(duo)個環節(jie)，通過推(tui)進(jin)(jin)跨(kua)行(xing)業(ye)協同技(ji)(ji)術(shu)攻(gong)關、構(gou)建車(che)網(wang)互(hu)(hu)動標準體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)，可以促進(jin)(jin)車(che)—樁—網(wang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)產業(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)轉型(xing)升(sheng)(sheng)級，提高(gao)新(xin)能源汽車(che)行(xing)業(ye)的國際競爭力。通過聚合交易等市(shi)場環境構(gou)建和試點(dian)示范創(chuang)建，可激發各(ge)類市(shi)場主體(ti)(ti)(ti)積(ji)極性，積(ji)極投入高(gao)水平運營與(yu)商業(ye)模式創(chuang)新(xin)。

　　問(wen)：《實施意(yi)見》的主要內容是什么？

　　答(da)：《實施意見》明確了車網互(hu)動的2個發展目標和6項(xiang)重(zhong)點任務。

　　（一(yi)）2個發展目標(biao)。一(yi)是到2025年(nian)，初步建成車(che)網互(hu)動(dong)技術(shu)標(biao)準體系，全(quan)面實施和優化(hua)充(chong)電(dian)峰谷分時(shi)電(dian)價，市場機制(zhi)建設和試點示范取得重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)進展；二是到2030年(nian)，我國車(che)網互(hu)動(dong)實現規模化(hua)應用，智能(neng)有序充(chong)電(dian)全(quan)面推(tui)廣(guang)，新(xin)能(neng)源汽車(che)成為電(dian)化(hua)學儲能(neng)體系的重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)組成部分，力爭(zheng)為電(dian)力系統提供千萬千瓦級的雙向(xiang)靈(ling)活性調節能(neng)力。

　　（二(er)）6項重點(dian)任務。一(yi)是協同推進(jin)車網(wang)(wang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動核(he)心(xin)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)攻(gong)關，推動長壽命電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和高頻充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)安(an)全防護技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)步；研(yan)(yan)發(fa)車網(wang)(wang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動高效充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)友好(hao)型充(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)站(zhan)關鍵(jian)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)；健全聚合調(diao)控和信息安(an)全等關鍵(jian)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)體系(xi)。二(er)是加快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)建(jian)立車網(wang)(wang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動標準(zhun)體系(xi)，加快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)制(zhi)(zhi)修訂車網(wang)(wang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動相關國家和行業標準(zhun)；優先完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)有序場(chang)(chang)景(jing)下(xia)的關鍵(jian)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)標準(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)修訂，力(li)(li)(li)爭2025年底(di)前完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)景(jing)關鍵(jian)標準(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)修訂；推動在車輛生(sheng)產準(zhun)入以及用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)報(bao)裝(zhuang)等環節(jie)落實智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)有序充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標準(zhun)要求；加強國際(ji)標準(zhun)合作，提(ti)升影響力(li)(li)(li)。三是優化完(wan)善(shan)(shan)配套電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)和市(shi)場(chang)(chang)機制(zhi)(zhi)，力(li)(li)(li)爭2025年底(di)前全面(mian)(mian)應用居民充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)峰(feng)谷分(fen)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)，持(chi)續優化定(ding)價(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)，探索(suo)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格；豐(feng)富(fu)完(wan)善(shan)(shan)需求響應和輔(fu)助服務市(shi)場(chang)(chang)機制(zhi)(zhi)，探索(suo)參與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)現(xian)(xian)貨市(shi)場(chang)(chang)、綠證(zheng)交(jiao)易、碳交(jiao)易路(lu)徑(jing)，驗(yan)證(zheng)雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等效儲能(neng)(neng)潛力(li)(li)(li)。四(si)是探索(suo)開展雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)綜合示范(fan)，依(yi)托公共(gong)領域和居民社區等重點(dian)場(chang)(chang)景(jing)，打造一(yi)批雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試點(dian)示范(fan)項目，探索(suo)可(ke)持(chi)續商(shang)業模(mo)式(shi)，完(wan)善(shan)(shan)業務流程機制(zhi)(zhi)，建(jian)立健全電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)質(zhi)保(bao)體系(xi)，形成(cheng)(cheng)可(ke)復制(zhi)(zhi)推廣的典型模(mo)式(shi)和經驗(yan)。五是積極提(ti)升充(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動水平，加快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)居住社區智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施推廣方案，原則上實現(xian)(xian)新建(jian)樁全面(mian)(mian)覆蓋；鼓勵建(jian)立電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)與(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)站(zhan)高效互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動機制(zhi)(zhi)，因地制(zhi)(zhi)宜建(jian)設光儲充(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)體化場(chang)(chang)站(zhan);研(yan)(yan)究接(jie)入容(rong)量(liang)核(he)定(ding)方法和提(ti)升配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)接(jie)入能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)。六(liu)是系(xi)統(tong)強化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業支撐保(bao)障(zhang)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)，支持(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業結(jie)(jie)合新型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)負荷管理系(xi)統(tong)分(fen)階段做好(hao)車網(wang)(wang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動資源的接(jie)入和管理；進(jin)一(yi)步完(wan)善(shan)(shan)車網(wang)(wang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動聚合交(jiao)易的基礎支撐和技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)服務能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)；加快(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)完(wan)善(shan)(shan)配套并網(wang)(wang)、計(ji)量(liang)、保(bao)護控制(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)信息交(jiao)互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)支撐服務體系(xi)；優化車網(wang)(wang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動負荷聚合商(shang)的清分(fen)結(jie)(jie)算機制(zhi)(zhi)。

　　問(wen)：下一(yi)步如(ru)何(he)推動(dong)《實施意見(jian)》有效落實？

　　答(da)：國(guo)家(jia)(jia)發(fa)(fa)展改(gai)革(ge)委、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局(ju)(ju)將會同(tong)有(you)關部(bu)(bu)門(men)認真抓好(hao)《實(shi)施意見》的(de)落實(shi)工作。一是(shi)要(yao)加(jia)強統籌協調，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)發(fa)(fa)展改(gai)革(ge)委、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局(ju)(ju)負(fu)(fu)責(ze)(ze)車(che)(che)網互動(dong)頂層設(she)計(ji)與統籌推(tui)(tui)(tui)進，工業和信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)部(bu)(bu)、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局(ju)(ju)負(fu)(fu)責(ze)(ze)推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)、充(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)設(she)施加(jia)快應用智能(neng)(neng)有(you)序充(chong)(chong)電(dian)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)理委員會組織推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)標(biao)準(zhun)體(ti)系(xi)建(jian)設(she)。二(er)是(shi)要(yao)壓(ya)實(shi)各(ge)方(fang)責(ze)(ze)任，各(ge)級地方(fang)政府(fu)有(you)關部(bu)(bu)門(men)要(yao)落實(shi)主(zhu)體(ti)責(ze)(ze)任，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局(ju)(ju)派出機(ji)構推(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)建(jian)立健全市場機(ji)制，電(dian)網企業開展配套電(dian)網改(gai)造并完善車(che)(che)網互動(dong)業務(wu)體(ti)系(xi)，新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)車(che)(che)企、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)企業等(deng)要(yao)積極參與生(sheng)態建(jian)設(she)，行業協會要(yao)積極搭(da)建(jian)交流平臺(tai)。三(san)是(shi)要(yao)強化(hua)(hua)試(shi)點示(shi)(shi)(shi)范，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)發(fa)(fa)展改(gai)革(ge)委、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局(ju)(ju)等(deng)部(bu)(bu)門(men)將在長(chang)三(san)角、珠三(san)角、京津冀(ji)魯(lu)、川渝(yu)等(deng)條件相對成熟(shu)的(de)地區開展車(che)(che)網互動(dong)規模(mo)(mo)化(hua)(hua)試(shi)點示(shi)(shi)(shi)范，力爭2025年底前建(jian)成5個(ge)以(yi)上示(shi)(shi)(shi)范城(cheng)市以(yi)及50個(ge)以(yi)上雙向充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范項目，通(tong)過(guo)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范形成可復制推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)的(de)經驗模(mo)(mo)式。

　　最后，國家(jia)發展(zhan)改(gai)革委、國家(jia)能源(yuan)局將(jiang)持續(xu)會同(tong)相關部門(men)密切關注(zhu)各地車網(wang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)動發展(zhan)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)和(he)《實(shi)施意(yi)見(jian)》落實(shi)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)，根據新形勢、新要求(qiu)不斷健全(quan)車網(wang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)動相關政策法規(gui)和(he)標(biao)準規(gui)范體系，引(yin)導市場主體開展(zhan)技(ji)術和(he)模式(shi)創新，推(tui)動我國車網(wang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)動盡早實(shi)現規(gui)模化推(tui)廣和(he)應用。

（來源：央視網）